Under the rules of golf, a golf ball has a mass no more than 1.620 oz (45.93 g), and has a diameter not less than 1.680 in (42.67 mm) ( 5).Īccording to Newton’s third law, the impulse (the force multiplied by the time for which the force is applied joules) will cause the golf ball to speed up or slow down. Then the energy is transferred to the object that it eventually impacts ( 3, 4). During the ball's flight, mechanical kinetic energy transfer continues, and makes the ball rise. Simultaneously the shaft on the club bends, which creates elastic kinetic energy. Due to the size of the ball and its potential speed, it can cause considerable damage to the region that it hits ( 2).Īccording to the Golf Society of Great Britain, the golf ball is compressed against the club during the hit. This mechanism has the potential to cause a great amount of injury. Most facial and head injuries are the result of being struck by a stray golf ball or by the head of a club used by a fellow golfer during the swing. Postoperatively, his mouth opening improved to 3 finger breadths ( Figure 2, upper right).įacial injuries are not common in golfers. The postoperative plain films revealed anatomical reduction of the segments ( Figure 2, middle right, lower right). The contour of the zygomatic arch was compared with the other side. The depressed fracture site was held with a towel clip and gently pulled outward direction. By palpation, the fracture site was marked. With a marking pen, zygomatic arch and the orbital rim were outlined. Under general anesthesia, the displaced fracture segments were reduced using a towel clip ( 1). Water’s view and zygomatico-axial view showed a left zygomatic arch fracture ( Figure 2, middle left, lower left). Upper: photography, upper left: left cheek was depressed and a contusion with a ball-mark was observed, upper center and right: the depressed left cheek improved after treatment middle: Water’s view lower: zygomatico-axial view, left: pre-operation, center: post-operative 3 days, right: post-operative 6 months Photography and plain films of the 38-year-old man. When he was playing golf on a golf course, his friend made a shot about 100 m behind him and a golf ball hit his left cheek ( Figure 1). He had been hit by a golf ball on the left cheek. This case is important as no such injury -in which an adult golfer was hit by a golf ball, resulting in a zygomatic arch fracture- has previously been described.Ī 38-year-old man was referred to the plastic surgery department from a local clinic. The case of a zygomatic arch fracture caused by a golf ball is presented. However, facial bone fractures are very uncommon, especially zygomatic fractures. IntroductionĪs golf has become more common, golf-related injuries, such as back pain and knee problems, have also become more widespread. When meet the patients hit by a golf ball, surgeons should aware of the possibility of the facial bone fractures including nasal bone or zygoma. Other players or spectators should turn their back to the source of the call, duck, and cover their face and head with their hands. In the field, serious face or head injuries on the golf course may be prevented by informing other golfers and shouting the word “fore (look ahead a term warning the flight of a golf ball)” when it appears possible that a golf ball may hit other players or spectators.
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